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FR. ARCHANGEL OF PEMBROKE AND GROTIUS 315 the wife of Lord Drummond. The remaining son, Roger Barlow, was William's grandfather. He had a most interesting and adventurous career. He went to Spain where he established himself as a merchant in Seville and there he prospered. In 1526, with the help of the Duke of Modena, he took part in a voyage of discovery to South America under the command of Sebastian: Cabot. On his return to Spain, in 1528, as one of Cabot's chosen representatives to bring news of the success of the expedition to Charles V, Roger Barlow was a man of note, one who could lead the way to Peru 6 • Just at that time, however, relations between Spain and England were somewhat strained, and Roger Barlow, encouraged it seems by Sir Thomas Boleyn, decided to return to England 7 • Two other members of the family, who joined the forces of the Reformers, were helped by Anne Boleyn. John Barlow became her chaplain. William, the youngest of the four brothers, oncean Augustin– ian Canon but become a leader in introducing Protestantism into England, received through her the priory of Haverfordwest within her lordship of Pembroke in 1534. He was to be known later as the bishop of 'motion and promotion' becoming successively Bishop– elect of St. Asaph, Bishop of St. David's, Bishop of Bath and Wells and finally Bishop of Chichester. His interest for us here, however, is that he appears to be the first of the family to come to Wales, his brothers following in his wake 8 • " Cardiff ms. 4.97 app., f.9v. Roger Barlow wrote an account of his expcdition entillccl Brief Somme of Geographia (British Museum, Royal Mss. 18.B XXVIII). In this first description in English of the New World, the author fallowed closely the work of the Spaniard, Martín FERNÁNDEZ DE ENCISO, Suma de Geographia (Seville 1519), but he added much original and supplementary mattcr. Cf. R. BARLOW, A Brief Summe of Geographie, cditcd with introduction and notes by E.G.R. Taylor (Hakluyt Society, Second series, vol. LXIX), London 1932, p.xi , xxix, xxxxii, xli.; J.A. WILLIAMSON, The Cabot Voyages and British Discovery under Henry VII (Hakluyt Society, Second series, vol. CXX), Cambridge 1962, 26. 7 Cardiff 111s. 4.97 app., f.lOr. George Barlow writes that « Sir. Tho. Bullen being sent by King H. 8 to pacifie the Emperour Charles the fift far putting away his Aunt, Queene Catherine, by disanulling her Marriage; wch Embassage was nothing pleasing unto bis imperiall Maiestie. My Grandfather being newly arived in Spaine after his discovery or Peru was in goocl grace in the Emperour's Court, repairecl to the English Embassaclor acquaintinge him with his late discovery wch he macle knowne to Henry ye Eight, whereupon 1ny Grandfather was procured [empowered?] to returne to his native Countrie with promise of preferment, Ancl was made Vice Aclmerall of thcis parte in Wales immecliat uncler the Lo: Seamer ». Rogcr Barlow returned to Englancl in 1531 and was appointed Vice-AdmiraJ under Lord Seymour in November 1549. Cf. R. BARLOW, op. cit., p.xi , liii. s Ms. cit., f.124ss. Folios 123-165 of this manuscript contain a treatise by George Barlow entitled Speculum Protestantismi ar a Prospective Glass disoovering the original/ Protestant Religion. It opens with sorne family gossip about the Bishop which is not always accurate_ George Barlow has very Jittle sympathy far his uncle, Bishop Barlow. He writes of him that he was « the first Protestant Bishop in Englancl [who] assumecl a wife by whom he had yssue five daughters married unto Rcfarmists ancl those of the refarmecl Religion ... from !he said Barlow all Protestant Bishops derive thcir consecration ancl lawfull mission; vide, Mr. Mason's Booke whcrein is mentioned the same was perforn1ed by Barlow accordingly,. being then a Roman Bishopp, then of St. Asaph, as is pretended: But in truth there was